Your locale tells the computer your location, preferred time-and-date format, standard language, papersize, et c. A list of supported locales is available at /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED See a full list with: 1cat /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED Take the first portion to generate full locale information for a region: …

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Type type shows what kind of thing you're running, be it an alias, function, or binary program. 1type cd 2type ls 3type -P ls 4type -a cat Whereis the Program Where is grep and all its configuration files? 1whereis grep Which one of these is the binary file which you actually use? 1which grep

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Basic Keeping track of health problems. Mostly under /var/log/. These logs are created by syslogd (or syslog in earlier distros). Rundown `alternatives.log' has a bunch about other programs installing things around 5 times a day. This includes x-www-browser, which sets the default browser (supposedly - this doesn't …

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Firstly, your ls is probably aliased to something. Check it with: 1alias ls If the prompt shows some alias, then start by removing it: 1unalias ls Now we can begin. Check the most recently modified file: 1ls -t Reverse this with tac to see the file which has been unmodified the longest: 1ls -t | tac Group files by …

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Split your video into frames. 1d=$(mktemp -d) 2cp $vid.mp4 $d 3cd $d 4 5ffmpeg -i $vid.mp4 -vf "fps=10, scale=360:-1" frame%04d.png 6gifski --fps 10 -o ${out}.gif frame*.png Optimize: 1gifsicle --optimize=3 --lossy=100 -o ${final}.gif ${out}.gif

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A service can consist of two files - the script to run (usually a shell script), and the .service file which describes when it runs. The service file goes into the memorably-named directory /usr/lib/systemd/system/, where systemd will not notice your new service file. Try not to confuse this with /usr/share/systemd/ or …

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Make your first target 'help' to give an overview of the main targets. Running make help will search for text which starts with ## and show what that target does. 1.PHONY: help 2help: ## Print the help message. 3 @awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.?## "} /^[0-9a-zA-Z._-]+:.?## / {printf "\033[36m%s\033[0m : %s\n", $$1, $$2}' …

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If you have graph-easy (often in the package perl-graph-easy or similar), you can make a graph from the makefile with make2graph (the package is often called makefile2graph). Start with the command to 'make all targets' (-B), and 'do a dummy run' (-n) with debug into (-d): 1make -Bnd 2make -Bnd | make2graph 3make -Bnd …

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Using the basic example, you can make a complete backup of all backup files. This file will depend upon everything inside the $(storage_directory). Unlike bash, you can't just say storage_directory/: the pattern must be stated as a 'wildcard'. 1$(storage_directory)/backup.tgz: $(wildcard $(storage_directory)/.md) 2 …

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The make system wants to know: What file you want to make, Which other files it depends on, and How to build the file. Start with a basic test-area. 1mkdir make_test ; cd $_ 2printf "%s:\n" README.md > Makefile 3printf "\t%s\n" 'echo "Basic makefile example." > $@' >> Makefile 4make NB: Always tell make how to build …

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