System

Makefile Patterns

Using the basic example, you can make a complete backup of all backup files. This file will depend upon everything inside the $(storage_directory). Unlike bash, you can't just say storage_directory/: the pattern must be stated as a 'wildcard'. 1$(storage_directory)/backup.tgz: $(wildcard $(storage_directory)/.md) 2 …

Makefiles

4 min read · system make

The make system wants to know: What file you want to make, Which other files it depends on, and How to build the file. Start with a basic test-area. 1mkdir make_test ; cd $_ 2printf "%s:\n" README.md > Makefile 3printf "\t%s\n" 'echo "Basic makefile example." > $@' >> Makefile 4make NB: Always tell make how to build …

Managing Groups

1 min read · system

Check which groups you are in, and which are available: 1cat /etc/group 2groups 3cat /etc/group | grep $USER Remove yourself from all groups, and add yourself back to only wheel, audio, and your own group: 1sudo usermod --groups wheel,audio,$USER Add yourself to the wheel group: 1su root -c "usermod --append --groups …

Monitoring

1 min read · system CPU memory

Print the average CPU load over 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 15 minutes: 1watch -d cat /proc/loadavg 2stress="$(cat /proc/loadavg | awk '{print "Usage:" $2"%"}')" Show memory usage in Gibitytes. 1free -g Show low and high gigibtye usage on a line, and repeat the measurement every 5 seconds: 1REP=5 2free --lohi -g -s $REP | …

partitions

3 min read · system

FDisk Basics 1su root 2fdisk /dev/sda m for help. n to make a partition. t to mark the partition type (see IDs below). w to write the changes to the disk. Note the asterisk marking the boot partition. IDs ID Meaning 83 Linux 5 Extended 82 Swap fdisk will not help with a GPT formatted drive. For this, use gdisk, which …

snaps

1 min read · system Ubuntu snap

sudo apt-get purge -y snapd

tmux

1 min read · system

Start with: 1tmux Input a command with C-b In addition to Windows, there are panes. Commands Key New Window c Previous Window p next window n list windows w vertical split % horizontal split " name a command : kill pane x kill session d Name Commands split-window rename-window Sessions Crate a new session with the name …

virtualbox

1 min read · system

Setup Load the modules (or just reboot): 1su root 2modprobe vboxdrv 3vboxreload Make dd image into vdi 1VBoxManage convertdd base.dd output.vdi --format VDI If this doesn't work, try to make a new bite size with just 1sudo dd if=image.dd of=image2.dd bs=512 conv=sync Arch Linux 1pacman -S virtualbox-host-modules-arch …